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Compare Portugal (2001) - Equatorial Guinea (2001)

Compare Portugal (2001) z Equatorial Guinea (2001)

 Portugal (2001)Equatorial Guinea (2001)
 PortugalEquatorial Guinea
Administrative divisions 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu 7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas
Age structure 0-14 years:
16.96% (male 877,379; female 830,242)

15-64 years:
67.42% (male 3,321,473; female 3,465,481)

65 years and over:
15.62% (male 637,207; female 934,471) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
42.56% (male 103,909; female 102,946)

15-64 years:
53.68% (male 124,808; female 136,088)

65 years and over:
3.76% (male 8,178; female 10,131) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava (tapioca), bananas, palm oil nuts; livestock; timber
Airports 66 (2000 est.) 3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
40

over 3,047 m:
5

2,438 to 3,047 m:
9

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
17

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
26

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
25 (2000 est.)
total:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total:
92,391 sq km

land:
91,951 sq km

water:
440 sq km

note:
includes Azores and Madeira Islands
total:
28,051 sq km

land:
28,051 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Indiana slightly smaller than Maryland
Background Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal entered the EC in 1985. Composed of a mainland portion and five inhabited islands, Equatorial Guinea has been ruled by ruthless leaders who have badly mismanaged the economy since independence from 190 years of Spanish rule in 1968. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, the 1996 presidential and 1999 legislative elections were widely seen as being flawed.
Birth rate 11.51 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 37.72 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$48.6 billion

expenditures:
$50.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $7.7 billion (2000 est.)
revenues:
$47 million

expenditures:
$43 million, including capital expenditures of $7 million (1996 est.)
Capital Lisbon Malabo
Climate maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south tropical; always hot, humid
Coastline 1,793 km 296 km
Constitution 25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, and 3 September 1997 approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995
Country name conventional long form:
Portuguese Republic

conventional short form:
Portugal

local long form:
Republica Portuguesa

local short form:
Portugal
conventional long form:
Republic of Equatorial Guinea

conventional short form:
Equatorial Guinea

local long form:
Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial

local short form:
Guinea Ecuatorial

former:
Spanish Guinea
Currency Portuguese escudo (PTE); euro (EUR)

note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Portugal at a fixed rate of 200.482 Portuguese escudos per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Death rate 10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 13.11 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $13.1 billion (1997 est.) $290 million (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Gerald S. MCGOWAN

embassy:
Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon

mailing address:
PSC 83, APO AE 09726

telephone:
[351] (21) 727-3300

FAX:
[351] (21) 726-9109

consulate(s):
Ponta Delgada (Azores)
chief of mission:
Ambassador John M. YATES; note - the US does not have an embassy in Equatorial Guinea (embassy closed September 1995); US relations with Equatorial Guinea are handled through the US Embassy in Yaounde, Cameroon; the US State Department is considering opening a Consulate Agency in Malabo
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Joao Alberto Bacelar ROCHA PARIS

chancery:
2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 328-8610

FAX:
[1] (202) 462-3726

consulate(s) general:
Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco

consulate(s):
Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)
chief of mission:
Ambassador Teodoro BIYOGO NSUEA

chancery:
2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 518-5700

FAX:
[1] (202) 528-5252
Disputes - international - tripartite maritime boundary and economic zone dispute with Cameroon and Nigeria is currently before the ICJ; maritime boundary dispute with Gabon because of disputed sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay
Economic aid - donor ODA, $271 million (1995) -
Economic aid - recipient - $33.8 million (1995)
Economy - overview Portugal is an upcoming capitalist economy with a per capita GDP two-thirds that of the four big West European economies. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and joined with 10 other European countries in launching the euro on 1 January 1999. The year 2000 was marked by moderation in growth, inflation, and unemployment. The country continues to run a sizable trade deficit. The government is working to reform the tax system, to modernize capital plant, and to increase the country's competitiveness in the increasingly integrated world markets. Growth is expected to fall off slightly in 2001. Improvement in the education sector is critical to the long-run catch-up process. The discovery and exploitation of large oil reserves have contributed to dramatic economic growth in recent years. Forestry, farming, and fishing are also major components of GDP. Subsistence farming predominates. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the deterioration of the rural economy under successive brutal regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth. A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut off since 1993 because of the government's gross corruption and mismanagement. Businesses, for the most part, are owned by government officials and their family members. Undeveloped natural resources include titanium, iron ore, manganese, uranium, and alluvial gold. The country responded favorably to the devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994. Boosts in production and high world oil prices stimulated growth in 2000, with oil accounting for 90% of greatly increased exports.
Electricity - consumption 37.915 billion kWh (1999) 19.5 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 4.49 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 3.628 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 41.696 billion kWh (1999) 21 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
79.97%

hydro:
17.25%

nuclear:
0%

other:
2.78% (1999)
fossil fuel:
85.71%

hydro:
14.29%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Pico Basile 3,008 m
Environment - current issues soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas tap water is not potable; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000 Bioko (primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos), Rio Muni (primarily Fang), Europeans less than 1,000, mostly Spanish
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Portuguese escudos per US dollar - 180.10 (1998), 175.31 (1997), 154.24 (1996) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro
Executive branch chief of state:
President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996)

head of government:
Prime Minister Antonio Manuel de Oliviera GUTERRES (since 28 October 1995)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

note:
there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president

election results:
Jorge SAMPAIO re-elected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%
chief of state:
President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup)

head of government:
Prime Minister Candido Muatetema RIVAS (since 26 February 2001); First Deputy Prime Minister Miguel OYONO NDONG (since NA January 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Demetrio Elo NDONG NZE FUMU (since NA January 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote to a seven-year term; election last held 25 February 1996 (next to be held NA February 2003); prime minister and vice prime ministers appointed by the president

election results:
President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO reelected with 98% of popular vote in elections marred by widespread fraud
Exports $26.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $860 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides petroleum, timber, cocoa
Exports - partners EU 83% (Germany 20%, Spain 18%, France 14%, UK 12%, Netherlands 5%, Benelux 5%, Italy), US 5% (1999) US 62%, Spain 17%, China 9%, France 3%, Japan 3%, (1997)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)
GDP purchasing power parity - $159 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $960 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
4%

industry:
36%

services:
60% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
20%

industry:
60%

services:
20% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $15,800 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.7% (2000 est.) 12% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 39 30 N, 8 00 W 2 00 N, 10 00 E
Geography - note Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar insular and continental regions rather widely separated
Highways total:
68,732 km

paved:
59,110 km (including 797 km of expressways)

unpaved:
9,622 km (1999)
total:
2,880 km

paved:
0 km

unpaved:
2,880 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.1%

highest 10%:
28.4% (1995 est.)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs important gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin -
Imports $41 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $300 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products manufactured goods and equipment
Imports - partners EU 78% (Spain 25%, Germany 15%, France 11%, Italy 8%, UK 7%, Netherlands 5%), US 3%, Japan 3% (1998) US 35%, France 15%, Spain 10%, Cameroon 10%, UK 6% (1997)
Independence 1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910) 12 October 1968 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate 2.9% (1999 est.) 7.4% (1994 est.)
Industries textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism petroleum, fishing, sawmilling, natural gas
Infant mortality rate 5.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 92.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.8% (2000 est.) 6% (1999 est.)
International organization participation AfDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 6,300 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura) Supreme Tribunal
Labor force 5 million (1999) NA
Labor force - by occupation services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
1,214 km

border countries:
Spain 1,214 km
total:
539 km

border countries:
Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km
Land use arable land:
26%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
36%

other:
20% (1993 est.)
arable land:
5%

permanent crops:
4%

permanent pastures:
4%

forests and woodland:
46%

other:
41% (1993 est.)
Languages Portuguese Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
Legal system civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom
Legislative branch unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 10 October 1999 (next to be held by NA October 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 115, PSD 81, PCP 15, PP 15, PEV 2, The Left Bloc 2
unicameral House of People's Representatives or Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (80 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PDGE 80%, UP 6%, CPDS 5%; seats by party - PDGE 75, UP 4 and CPDS 1

note:
opposition parties have refused to take up their seats in the House to protest widespread irregularities in the 1999 legislative elections
Life expectancy at birth total population:
75.94 years

male:
72.44 years

female:
79.68 years (2001 est.)
total population:
53.95 years

male:
51.89 years

female:
56.07 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
87.4%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
78.5%

male:
89.6%

female:
68.1% (1995 est.)
Location Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon
Map references Europe Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
158 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,053,586 GRT/1,611,238 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 14, cargo 84, chemical tanker 16, container 10, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 6, short-sea passenger 4, vehicle carrier 4

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Spain 1 (2000 est.)
total:
12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 26,035 GRT/27,927 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 7, combination bulk 1, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard Army, Navy, Air Force, Rapid Intervention Force, National Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $2.458 billion (FY97) $3 million (FY97/98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.6% (FY97) 0.6% (FY97/98)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,530,466 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
108,973 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,030,759 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
55,347 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
71,404 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Portugal Day, 10 June (1580) Independence Day, 12 October (1968)
Nationality noun:
Portuguese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Portuguese
noun:
Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)

adjective:
Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean
Natural hazards Azores subject to severe earthquakes violent windstorms, flash floods
Natural resources fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydro power oil, petroleum, timber, small unexploited deposits of gold, manganese, uranium
Net migration rate 0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km; natural gas 700 km

note:
the secondary lines for the natural gas pipeline that will be 300 km long have not yet been built
-
Political parties and leaders The Greens or PEV [leader NA]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party/United Democratic Coalition or PCP/CDU [Carlos CARVALHAS]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Antonio GUTERRES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [leader vacant]; The Left Bloc [no leader] Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Placido Miko ABOGO]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE (ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO]; Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP [Andres Moises Bda ADA]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP [Victorino Bolekia BONAY, mayor of Malabo]; Union of Independent Democrats of UDI [Daniel OYONO]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 10,066,253 (July 2001 est.) 486,060 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.18% (2001 est.) 2.46% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo Bata, Luba, Malabo
Radio broadcast stations AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998) AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios 3.02 million (1997) 180,000 (1997)
Railways total:
2,850 km

broad gauge:
2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified; 426 km double track)

narrow gauge:
274 km 1.000-m gauge (1998)
total:
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995) nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices
Sex ratio at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment:
undergoing rapid development in recent years, Portugal's telephone system, by the end of 1998, achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53%

domestic:
integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations

international:
6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned
general assessment:
poor system with adequate government services

domestic:
NA

international:
international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 5.3 million (end 1998) 4,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,074,194 (1999) NA
Television broadcast stations 62 (plus 166 repeaters)

note:
includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)
1 (1997)
Terrain mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic
Total fertility rate 1.48 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.88 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 4.3% (2000 est.) 30% (1998 est.)
Waterways 820 km

note:
relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity
none
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